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Evolution Site - Teaching About Evolution
Despite the best efforts of biology educators, misinformation about evolution persist. Pop science nonsense has led people to believe that biologists don't believe evolution.
This site, which is a companion to the PBS series - provides teachers with materials which support evolution education and avoids the kinds of myths that hinder it. It's organized in a nested "bread crumb" format to facilitate navigation and orientation.
Definitions
Evolution is a complex and challenging subject to teach well. It is often misunderstood even by non-scientists, and even some scientists have been guilty of using an interpretation that is confusing the issue. This is particularly relevant to discussions on the definition of the word itself.
As such, it is crucial to define the terms that are used in evolutionary biology. Understanding Evolution's website does this in a straightforward and useful way. The site is both a companion for the 2001 series, and it is also a resource on its own. The information is presented in a structured manner that makes it simpler to navigate and understand.
The site defines terms such as common ancestor, the gradual process, and adaptation. These terms help define the nature of evolution and its relationship to evolution to other concepts in science. The site gives a comprehensive overview of the ways the concept of evolution has been examined. This information can help dispel myths that are created by the creationists.
It is also possible to get the glossary of terms used in evolutionary biology. These terms include:
Adaptation: The tendency for hereditary traits to become more suited to a particular environment. This is a result of natural selection. Organisms that have better-adapted characteristics are more likely than those with less-adapted characteristics to survive and reproduce.
Common ancestor: The most recent common ancestor of two or more different species. By analyzing the DNA from these species it is possible to determine the common ancestor.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: A massive biological molecular that holds the information needed for cell replication. The information is stored in nucleotide sequences that are strung into long chains, referred to as chromosomes. Mutations are the reason behind the creation of new genetic information inside cells.
Coevolution is a relationship between two species where evolutionary changes of one species are influenced by evolutionary changes of the other. Examples of coevolution include the interaction between predator and prey or parasite and host.
Origins
Species (groups that can interbreed), evolve through a series of natural changes in their offspring's traits. The causes of these changes are many factors, such as natural selection, gene drift, and mixing of the gene pool. The evolution of a new species may take thousands of years and the process may be slowed down or accelerated by environmental conditions such as climate change or the competition for food or habitat.
The Evolution site follows the emergence of various species of plants and animals and focuses on major changes in each group's past. It also explores the human evolutionary roots, a topic that is especially important for students to understand.
When Darwin wrote the Origin of Species, only a handful of antediluvian human fossils had been discovered. The famous skullcap, with the bones that accompanied it were discovered in 1856 in the Little Feldhofer Grotto of Germany. It is now regarded as an early Homo neanderthalensis. Although the skullcap was not published until 1858, one year before the first edition of the Origin was published, it's extremely unlikely that Darwin had seen or heard of it.
The site is mostly a biology site however, it also has many details on geology and paleontology. One of the most appealing features of the website are a set of timelines that show how geological and climatic conditions have changed over time as well as an outline of the distribution of a few of the fossil groups featured on the site.
The site is a companion to a PBS television series, but it could be used as a resource by teachers and students. The site is well-organized and offers clear links between the introduction material in Understanding Evolution (developed with support from the National Science Foundation) and the more sophisticated components of the museum's Web site. These links facilitate the transition from the engaging cartoon style of the Understanding Evolution pages to the more sophisticated world of research science. Particularly, there are links to John Endler's experiments using Guppies that demonstrate the importance of ecology in evolutionary theory.
Diversity
The [evolution](https://evolutionkr.kr/) of life has resulted in many species of plants, animals and insects. Paleobiology is the study of these creatures within their geographical context and offers numerous advantages over the modern observational and research methods of examining evolutionary phenomena. In addition to exploring processes and events that take place regularly or over a lengthy period of time, paleobiology allows to analyze the diversity of species of organisms and their distribution in space over geological time.
The site is divided into several options to learn about evolution. One of the paths, "Evolution 101," takes the viewer through the complexities and evidence of evolution. The path also explores common misconceptions about evolution and the history of evolutionary thought.
Each of the other main sections of the Evolution site is similarly created, with resources that can be used to support a range of different pedagogical levels and curriculum levels. The site has a range of multimedia and interactive resources which include video clips, animations and virtual laboratories in addition to general textual content. The breadcrumb-like arrangement of the content assists with navigation and orientation on the large web site.
For example, the page "Coral Reef Connections" gives a brief overview of the relationships between corals and their interaction with other organisms. It then concentrates on a specific clam that can communicate with its neighbors and react to changes in water conditions at the reef level. This page, as well as the other multidisciplinary multimedia and interactive pages, gives a good introduction to the many areas of evolutionary biology. The material includes a discussion on the role of natural selectivity and the concept of phylogenetics analysis as a key tool to understand evolutionary changes.
Evolutionary Theory
For biology students, evolution is a key thread that weaves together all branches of the field. A rich collection of resources helps teachers teach about evolution across the life sciences.
One resource, the companion to PBS's television show Understanding Evolution is an excellent example of a Web page that provides depth as well as breadth in terms of its educational resources. The site has a wide array of interactive learning modules. It also has an "bread crumb structure" that helps students move away from the cartoon-like style of Understanding Evolution and onto elements on this large website more closely linked to the fields of research science. For instance an animation that introduces the idea of genetic inheritance connects to a page highlighting John Endler's artificial selection experiments with guppies in native ponds of Trinidad.
Another helpful resource is the Evolution Library on this Web site, which has an extensive collection of multimedia items connected to evolution. The content is organized according to courses that are based on curriculum and follow the learning goals established in the biology standards. It contains seven short videos designed for use in classrooms. These can be viewed online or purchased as DVDs.
A number of important questions remain at the core of evolutionary biology, including what triggers evolution and how fast it happens. This is particularly applicable to human evolution where it has been difficult to reconcile that the innate physical characteristics of humans derived from apes, and the religious beliefs that hold that humanity is unique among living things and holds a a special place in creation with a soul.
There are also a number of other ways evolution could occur and natural selection being the most popular theory. However scientists also study different kinds of evolution, such as mutation, genetic drift, and sexual selection, among others.
Although many scientific fields of study are in conflict with literal interpretations found in religious texts, evolution biology has been a source of intense controversy and opposition from religious fundamentalists. Certain religions have reconciled their beliefs with evolutionary biology, while others haven't.